Subsidiariedad y tribunales internacionales de derechos humanos: ¿deferencia hacia los estados o división cooperativa del trabajo?

  • Marisa Iglesias Vila Universitat Pompeu Fabra

    Profesora Titular de Filosofía del Derecho, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona (España). Código ORCID: 0000-0001-6487-0433. Correo electrónico: marisa.iglesias@upf.edu

Palabras clave: derechos humanos, Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, subsidiariedad, legitimidad ecológica, incrementalismo, doctrina del margen de apreciación

Resumen

En este trabajo desarrollo una teoría normativa del principio de subsidiariedad en la adjudicación internacional que pretende ofrecer una respuesta equilibrada a la pregunta de hasta qué punto es legítimo para un órgano como el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos interferir en el criterio estatal cuando valora una denuncia por violación de derechos convencionales. Frente a las demandas de una mayor deferencia hacia los Estados que encontramos tanto en Europa como en Latinoamérica, basadas en una idea estatista de la subsidiariedad, articulo una concepción «cooperativa» de los derechos humanos y del principio de subsidiariedad, uniéndolas a la idea de legitimidad ecológica sugerida por Buchanan. La propuesta que defiendo conduce a una división del trabajo institucional dentro de los sistemas regionales de derechos humanos que aumenta la legitimidad de todas las instituciones involucradas. Al mismo tiempo, desarrollo una forma de implementar esta concepción cooperativa, por una parte, mostrando la importancia de una lógica incremental en la protección efectiva de derechos humanos y, por otra parte, ofreciendo una versión racionalizada de la doctrina del margen de apreciación estatal.

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Iglesias Vila, M. (2017). Subsidiariedad y tribunales internacionales de derechos humanos: ¿deferencia hacia los estados o división cooperativa del trabajo?. Derecho PUCP, (79), 191-222. https://doi.org/10.18800/derechopucp.201702.009