Between the Trump Corollary and the Global Security Initiative: Peru’s Strategic Navigation in the Face of Washington and Beijing’s Converging Doctrines (2019–2025)

Abstract

This article analyzes Peru’s foreign policy (2019-2025) amid the growing geopolitical rivalry between the United States and China. It argues that the convergence of security interests from Washington (Trump Corollary) and Beijing (Global Security Initiative) creates a “doctrinal pincer” that limits the state’s strategic autonomy. To evaluate this phenomenon, the study classifies the impact of foreign investments according to their sectoral nature, examining three megaprojects: the Chancay port, Lima’s electrical grid, and the Las Bambas mine. The findings demonstrate that the traditional strategy of maintaining equidistant relations with both powers becomes unviable in the realm of critical infrastructure, where the state loses maneuvering room due to external pressures. However, economic pragmatism remains operational in commercial sectors such as mining. Given this scenario, the article concludes by recommending the adoption of a preventive “Active Non-Alignment,” the establishment of institutional mechanisms for investment screening, and the leverage of critical minerals as a global negotiating tool.