Agenda Internacional

The Global South in a new scenario of great power competition and the international liberal order

2024-12-06T14:43:03-05:00

The growing confrontation between China and the United States has led the latter to adopt divisive rhetoric that pits the current liberal international order, driven by Western powers, against an alleged alternative model being developed by China, which is often labeled as revisionist. Amidst this confrontation, the concept of the Global South has gained increasing relevance, particularly in relation to the expectation of its stance, whether in favor of or against the liberal international order. This article has a dual purpose: on one hand, to analyze the position of the Global South in this new scenario of great power competition; on the other hand, to elucidate its stance towards the so-called liberal international order. To achieve these objectives, the dynamics of the two competing powers will first be examined, followed by an analysis of the Global South’s dynamics based on its particular interests, strategic positions, and employed mechanisms.

The complicated paths of China's rise: from the death of Lin Biao to the tragedy of Tiananmen

2024-12-06T14:43:03-05:00

The article analyses China´s international ascent attempting to illustrate the difficulty inherent in attempting to predict international events. The nature and consequences of China´s transformation from the 1970´s was difficult to foresee. The beginning and early stages of this process were indeed facilitated by the outcomes of internal crises of uncertain evolution as well as by key decisions of another power, the United States, guided by its own interests. The author describes some hardly visible or little expected routes taken by events that that led China, in first place, to gain access to a big export market that was instrumental for the expansion of its economy and, subsequently, made possible for its authorities to prevent, through repressive action in Tiananmen Square, that the march of reforms could provoke changes in the authoritarian nature of the state.

The incursion of Ecuadorian police forces into the Mexican embassy in Quito, in light of International Law

2024-12-06T14:43:02-05:00

The purpose of the article is to resolve four questions raised in the case of the raid by Ecuadorian police forces on the Mexican embassy in Quito, which occurred on April 5, 2024, with the purpose of abducting the Ecuadorian politician Jorge Glas, granted asylum in said mission diplomat. The first refers to the legality or not of the incursion of the Ecuadorian police authorities into the Mexican embassy. The second rather aims to establish whether Ecuador’s argument regarding a possible poor granting of asylum to Jorge Glas legitimized its incursion into the Mexican diplomatic premises. The third question is whether Ecuador’s removal of the asylum seeker from the diplomatic premises constituted a violation of international law in itself. And finally, the fourth is whether Mexico violated international law by granting asylum to Jorge Glas.

Water Challenges and Sustainable Solutions for the Promotion of the Green Hydrogen Industry in the Tacna Region, Peru

2024-12-06T14:43:01-05:00

In the following article, I put forward several ideas that address the promotion of the green hydrogen industry in the region of Tacna, Peru, considering the water challenges and the need to find alternative sources of fresh water. The promotion of the green hydrogen industry in this region is approached in a comprehensive manner, considering the challenges and sustainable solutions related to water scarcity. Turning to alternative sources of water could also reduce scarcity and alleviate pressures on groundwater and other natural water bodies. Aquifer recharging from alternative sources, which allows water to move from surface water to groundwater, is a well-known process for preventing water shortages.

Results of the year APEC Peru 2024. The recovery of consensus and the advancement of the Putrajaya Vision 2040

2025-01-13T16:35:41-05:00

The article begins with a situational analysis of APEC prior to the meetings in Peru in 2024, specifically, on the impossibility of reaching consensus in the last two meetings of this forum
(in 2022 and 2023) to adopt deliverables that were sufficiently reliable and legitimate, as well as the factors that contributed to this. After this, the study focuses on developing the strategy deployed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru to overcome these difficulties and recover the necessary consensus that allowed the adoption of 20 deliverables. These documents will allow this forum to advance in the implementation of the Putrajaya Vision 2040.