Title: Media Participation and cultural norms around Mugambo Jwetu FM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18800/anthropologica.201901.011Keywords:
Participation, community, speech communities, radio, audiences, community radio, listenership, cultureAbstract
Community media have been lauded for the opportunity they provide to enhance participation and therefore democratic culture. In Kenya, a growing number of community radio stations have been founded partly under this logic since 2004. As of 2017, there were about 25 operational community radio stations. However, but exactly what participation consists of or what bottlenecks participation faces is not extensively laid out in either the country’s legislation or the stations’ best practices. This paper explores the daily interactions of a Kenyan ‘community radio community’ with the programmes of a radio station in their midst. It examines the media rituals at different times of the day by various sections of the community in relation to the content of the station, Mugambo Jwetu FM. Through this, the social norms that determine participation on one hand, and the new social formations that occur through participation on the other hand, are revealed. The data used are drawn from field research conducted in 2014 and 2015.
Downloads
References
Anderson, Benedict (2006). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Londres: Verso.
Ang, Ien (2012). On the Politics of Empirical Audience Research. En Meenakshi Gigi Durham y Douglas M. Kellner (eds.), Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
Arnstein, SR (1969). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216-224. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366908977225.
Calhoun, Craig (1993). Nationalism and Ethnicity. Annual Review of Sociology, 19 (Mayo): 211-239. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.19.1.211
Carpentier, Nico (nd). Distinguishing between Access, Interaction and Participation. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Carpentier, N., R. Lie y J. Servaes (2001). Muting the democratic media discourse? Contact: Nico Carpentier. En The International Social Theory Consortium Second annual conference: Koccc Session «Social theory and discourse» (pp. 5-8).
Couldry, N. (2011). The Necessary Future of the Audience, and How to Research It. En The Handbook of Media Audiences (pp. 213-229). https://doi. org/10.1002/9781444340525.ch10
Dahlgren, P. (2005). The Internet, Public Spheres, and Political Communication: Dispersion and Deliberation. Political Communication, 22(2), 147-162. https://doi. org/10.1080/10584600590933160
Dahlgren, P. (2012). Reinventing Participation: Civic Agency and the Web Environment. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 2, 27-45. Disponible en http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/issuedetails.aspx?issueid=5e9c1a87-3299-4b98bc86-34f1fd4c42e3&articleId=1647d932-d54a-4eca-a536-d4af24a705d3.
Fairbairn, Jean y Doreen Rukaria (2010). Poised for Growth: Community Radio in Kenya in 2009. Commissioned por Open Society Institute for East Africa.
Fiske, John (1992). Audiencing: A Cultural Studies Approach to Watching Television. Poetics, 21, 345-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-422X(92)90013-S
Gordon, Janey (2012). Community radio audience research. En Matt Mollgaard, Radio and Society (pp. 197-215). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publ.
Jenkins, H. y N. Carpentier (2013). Theorizing participatory intensities: A conversation about participation and politics. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 19(3), 265-286. https://doi. org/10.1177/1354856513482090
Meadows, Michael, Susan Forde, Jacqui Ewart y Kerrie Foxwell (2009). A Catalyst for Change? Australian Community Broadcasting Audiences Fight Back. En Janey Gordon (ed.), Notions of Community: A Collection of Community Media Debates and Dilemmas (pp. 149-171). Bern: Peter Lang AG, International Academic Publishers.
MN, Productor, Mugambo FM. Entrevistado por Rose Kimani. 9 de diciembre, 2014.
Moemeka, Andrew A. (1998). Communalism as a Fundamental Dimension of Culture. Journal of Communication (International Communication Association), 118141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02773.x
Morgan, Marcyliena H. (2014). Speech Communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139151269
MT, Show Host, Mugambo Jwetu FM. Entrevistado por Rose Kimani (11 de marzo de 2014).
Mugambo Jwetu CMC (2013). Mugambo CMC 2008 to July 2013.
Mugambo Women, entrevista grupal, entrevistado por Rose Kimani (2014). Mugambo Women (9 de diciembre).
Mugambo Youth, Group, entrevistado por Rose Kimani (2014). Mugambo Youth (9 de diciembre).
Pettit, J., Salazar, JF y Dagron, AG, (2009). Citizens’ Media and Communication. Development in Practice, 19(4-5), 443-452. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520902866462
Rodríguez, C. (2016). Human agency and media praxis: Re-centring alternative and community media research. Journal of Alternative and Community Media, 1(2016), 36-38.
Schrøder, K. C. (2012). Audiences as Citizens: Insights from Three Decades of Reception Research. En The International Encyclopedia of Media Studies (pp. 510-534). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444361506. wbiems103 [acceso: 7 de junio de 2017].
Schudson, M. (2002). The News Media as Political Institutions. Annual Review of Political Science, 5, 249-269. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.5.111201.115816
TD, entrevista por Rose Kimani (2014). Productor Mugambo FM (11 de marzo).
Teddlie, C. y F. Yu (2007). Mixed Methods Sampling: A Typology with Examples. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), 77-100. https://doi. org/10.1177/2345678906292430
Thomas, Pradip (2008). Communication and the Persistence of Poverty: The Need for a Return to Basics. En Jan Servaes (ed.), Communication for Development and Social Change (pp. 31-44). New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd. https:// doi.org/10.4135/9788132108474.n2
