«I Wanted to Prove that I Can Make Trend». Online Citizen Activisms and ‘Poplitical’ Practices in Peru
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18800/anthropologica.201901.008Keywords:
Social protest, political activism, citizen mobilization, social media, meme, viral, popliticAbstract
During the last decade, the way social media is structuring contemporary political participation and citizen mobilization was been discussed. Studies focus on the raising interactivity that platforms like Facebook, YouTube or Twitter facilitate, as well as massive protest and activism that emerge from them, in sinergy with square and street movements. Studies refer to episodic activisms that target banal goals and have no formal militance in political parties, exercising actions against arbitrary decisions of everyday power.
May these mobilizations, and their expressive repertoires, like performances and media strategies, be labelled as poplitic practices? The present article uses that concept as an interpretive model for the analysis of two Peruvian case studies: Meme No and Alerta contra policías con cámaras de velocidad («Alert of Police with Speed Cameras»). In the search for the digital storytelling of their activists, and in the content analysis of their resources, like memes and viral processes, the present article will dimension the actual height of mobilizations.
Downloads
References
Barassi, Veronica (2017). Digital Citizens? Data Traces and Family Life. Contemporary Social Science, 12, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2017.1338353
Bastos, Marco, Raquel Recuero y Gabriela Zago (2014). Taking Tweets to the Streets. A Spatial Analysis of Vinegar Protest in Brasil. First Monday, 19(3). https://doi. org/10.5210/fm.v19i3.5227
Burroughs, Benjamin (2013). FJC-165: Obama Trolling. Fibreculture Journal, 22.
Carling, Ryan, Matthew Singer y Elizabeth Zeigmeister (2015). The Latin American Voter. Michigan: University of Michigan Press. https://doi.org/10.3998/ mpub.8402589
Castells, Manuel (2012). Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social movements in the internet age. Cambridge: Polity.
Chadwick, Andrew (2013). Hybrid Media Systems, Politics and Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199759477.001.0001
Dahl, Robert (1957). The Concept of Power. Behavioral Sciences, 2. https://doi. org/10.1002/bs.3830020303
Dawkings, Richard (1976). The Selfish Gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Earl, Jennifer y Katrina Kimport (2011). Digitally Enabled Social Change. Londres: MIT Press.
Etling, Bruce, Robert Faris y John Palfrey (2010). Political Change in the Digital Age. The Fragility and Promise of Online Organizing. SAIS Review, Summer-Fall.
Fernández-Maldonado, Enrique (2015). La rebelión de los pulpines. Jóvenes, trabajo y política. Lima: Otra Mirada.
Gerbaudo, Paolo y Emiliano Treré (2015). In Search of the «We» of Social Media Activism: introduction to the special issue on social media and protest identities.
Información, Comunicación y Sociedad, 18(8), 865-871. https://doi.org/10.108 0/1369118X.2015.1043319
Halupka, Max (2018). The Legitimization of Clicktivism. Australian Journal of Political Science, 53(1), 130-141.
Haynes, Nell (2016). Social Media in Northern Chile. Posting the extraordinarily ordinary. Londres: UCL. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1g69xv2
Juris, Jeffrey (2008). Networking futures. The movements against corporate globalization. Durham: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822389170
Karpf, David (2010). Online Political Mobilization from the Advocacy Group’s Perspective: Looking Beyond Clicktivism. Policy and Internet, 2(4), 7-41.
Kavada, Anastassia (2015). Creating the Collective: social media, the Occupy Movement and its constitution as a collective actor. Information, Communication & Society, 18(8), 872-886. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1043318
Miller, Daniel, Elisabetta Costa, Nell Haynes, Tom McDonald, Razvan Nicolescu, Jolynna Sinnanan y Juliano Spyer (2016). How the World Changed Social Media. Londres: UCL. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1g69z35
Monteverde, Arnau, Antonio Calleja-López, Miguel Aguilera, Xabier E. Barandarián y John Postill (2015). Multitudinous Identities: a qualitative and network analysis of the 15M collective identity. Information, Communication & Society, 18(8), 930-950. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1043315
Nahon, Karine y Jeff Hemsley (2013). Going Viral. Cambridge: Polity Press. Naim, Moisés (2015). El fin del poder. Barcelona: Random House.
Parikka, Jussi (2007). Contagion and Repetition: On the Viral Logic of Network Culture. Ephermera: Theory & Politics in Organizations, 7(2), 287-308.
Pink, Sarah, Heather Horst, John Postill, Larissa Hjorth, Tania Lewis y Jo Tacchi (2016). Digital Ethnography. Principles and Practices. Londres: Sage.
Porto, Mauro y João Brant (2015). Social Media and the 2013 Protests in Brazil. The Contradictory Nature of Political Mobilization in the Digital Era. En Lina Dencik y Oliver Leistert (eds.), Critical Perspectives on Social Media and Protest. Between Control and Emancipation (pp. 181-200). Londres y Nueva York: Rowman and Littlefield.
Postill, John (2013). Digital Politics and Political Engagement. En Daniel Miller y Heather Horst (eds.), Digital Anthropology (pp. 165-184). Londres: Bloomsbury.
Postill, John (2014). Democracy in an Age of Viral Reality. A Media Epidemiography of Spain’s Indignados Movement. Ethnography, 15(1), 50-68. https://doi. org/10.1177/1466138113502513
Postill, John (2018). The Rise of Nerd Politics. Digital Activism and Political Change. Chicago: Pluto Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv4ncp67
Postill, John y Sarah Pink (2012). Social Media Ethnography: The Digital Researcher in a Messy Web. Media International Australia,145,123134.https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X1214500114
Sartori, Giovanni (2002). La política. Lógica y método en las ciencias sociales. México: FCE.
Scherman, Andrés, Arturo Arriagada y Sebastián Valenzuela (2013). La protesta en la era de las redes sociales. El caso chileno. En A. Arriagada y P. Navia, Intermedios: Medios de comunicación y democracia en Chile (pp. 181-199). Santiago: UDP.
Shifman, Limor (2014). Memes in Digital Culture. Cambridge y Londres: The MIT Essential Knowledge Series.
Szablewicz, Marcella (2015). The losers of China’s Internet. En Gouin Yang (ed.), China’s Contested Internet. Copenhague: NIAS Press.
Tomlinson (2004). Memes and Metaculture: the Politics of Discourse Circulation in Fiji. The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 15(2), 185-197. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.2004.tb00251.x
Vivianne, Sonja (2016). Digital Identity and Everyday Activism. Sharing public stories with networked publics. Nueva York: Springer.
Yang, Goubin (2016). The Commercialization and Digitization of Social Movement Society. Contemporary Sociology, 45(2), 120-125. https://doi. org/10.1177/0094306116629409



