Económica

Canon minero y bienestar en las comunidades: Un Enfoque Teórico

Carlos Figueroa Asencios — Sun, 10 Oct 2021 00:00:00 -0500

This article seeks to explain through a theoretical model when the Mining Canon can be effective and under what conditions. For this, a model of a real economy, closed (not strict) with two actors, the company and the communities, is proposed, which is reflected in a Cartesian Plane. The results show that the effectiveness of the Mining Canon depends on the final percentage that reaches the communities, the effort to make the projects work and the relative situation they are in when the process begins.

Percepción de bienestar en un escenario de moderada estabilidad política y económica en el Perú 2013-2017

César Mora Ruiz — Sun, 10 Oct 2021 00:00:00 -0500

This article analyses the role of objective economic variables on economic subjective welfare during the period 2013-2017 using household level data from Peru. First, we found that households from poorest geographic areas are not always the ones with the lowest levels of satisfaction regarding their living conditions. Secondly, using panel data, to control unobserved heterogeneity, there is evidence that increases in household expenditures are positively related with subjective perception of economic welfare, but only up to certain level, and after this, it begins to reduce as established by The Easterlin’s Paradox.

Más allá del modelo primario exportador: propuesta para el desarrollo productivo del Perú desde la economía heterodoxa

Dante A. Urbina — Sun, 10 Oct 2021 00:00:00 -0500

Peruvian economic model has been based on primary exports to a great extent. This article offers an alternative. In this way, after criticizing the primary exporting model, it considers a scheme of development which combines some State intervention with an absolutely fundamental dynamics of private agents in the framework of the social market economy. Thus, based on the contributions of heterodox paradigms (complexity economic, evolutionary economics and neoschumpeterian economics), it proposes the path of productive diversification by taking advantage of the great biodiversity of Peru in order to benefit from the next technological revolution, which will be focused on biotechnology.

¿Hacia dónde estamos creciendo?: los límites del Producto Bruto Interno

José María Miguel Loyola Romero — Sun, 10 Oct 2021 00:00:00 -0500

Currently the Gross Domestic Product is the most used measure to measure the state of an economy; nevertheless, this index does not measure various aspects of a society. In the case of Peru, in recent years, it has been what many economists have called an “economic miracle” due to the high growth rates of GDP; however, we ask ourselves if the country has truly lived through a miraculous stage based on a brief review of other indicators, as well as a brief review of what we consider valuable. Our conclusion is that GDP growth in these years has not been reflected in other aspects of Peruvian society.

Hacia una nueva fiscalidad sobre recursos naturales en países en desarrollo

Katia Toledo — Sun, 10 Oct 2021 00:00:00 -0500

Strong tax systems are central to financing development of countries. In particular, developing countries face practices such as base erosion and profit shifting in the mining industry, which cause large losses of tax revenue for governments. The article explores the reasons to re-think mining taxation in developing countries in light of the initiative The Future of Resource Taxation presented by the IGF and the ATAF.

Economía conductual y microempresas en países en desarrollo

Manuel Barron — Sun, 10 Oct 2021 00:00:00 -0500

This paper offers a brief review of recent literature on behavioral economics with a focus on developing countries. After reviewing the main differences between homo economicus and homo sapiens, I focus on the literature that studies how the permanent feeling of vulnerability induced by poverty reduces cognitive capacity. Next, I review studies that analyze how cognitive biases, social preferences and limited cognitive capacity pass-through to the performance of microenterprises, which constitute a major income source among poor households in low-income countries.

Cuando migrar no es suficiente: una comparación de la calidad del empleo de los migrantes y no migrantes en el Perú urbano en el 2019 y 2020

Stephy Riega Escalante, Diego Delgado Díaz — Sun, 10 Oct 2021 00:00:00 -0500

This research seeks to analyze the job quality of interdepartmental migrants in urban areas during 2019 and 2020. Job quality, under the decent work approach, encompasses dimensions of workers’ well-being. We construct an index which is based on compliance of three dimensions of job quality. After constructing the index and finding that job quality deteriorated, we find, using a generalized ordinal logit, that there is no-relation between being migrant and job quality. Nonetheless there are other sociodemographic characteristics that migrants usually share which are linked to the lowest job quality.

La vivienda: ¿Una cuestión de vida o muerte frente a la Covid-19?

María Alejandra Ramos Cadenillas, Ana Stephani Gonzales Medina — Sun, 10 Oct 2021 00:00:00 -0500

The number of deceased due to COVID-19 was devastating in Peru. Using the 2017 census, the database of the MINSA and deaths of the SINADEF, and the correlation tests of Spearman and Kendall the relationship between the number of deaths and the qualitative and quantitative housing deficit of the most densely populated cities in the country is explored. A direct association was found between the number of deaths and population density. However, the association with the qualitative and quantitative deficit is not consistent with the hypothesis or that found in the literature.

La estabilidad de precios y el crecimiento económico: lecciones de la experiencia peruana

Paul Castillo Bardález — Sun, 10 Oct 2021 00:00:00 -0500

This article discusses the main channels through which high inflation rates reduce economic growth. When inflation rates are high, typically greater than 10 percent, the correlation between inflation and GDP growth is negative in the long run. On the contrary, when inflation rates are low, families and companies can plan their decisions with greater certainty, which favors saving and enhances the transmission of monetary policy. That is why, with low inflation, Peru has managed to position itself as one of the Latin American economies with lower inflation and higher economic growth rates for GDP, which has favored the reduction of poverty and the widening of the middle class in Peru.

La lucha contra la brecha de género salarial en tiempos de pandemia. Un análisis para el caso peruano

Sun, 10 Oct 2021 00:00:00 -0500

This research seeks to make visible the changes produced by the health crisis in the gender wage gap in Peru. For this purpose, a pool data was used from the National Household Survey (ENAHO), 2015-2020. Regarding the methodology, the Oaxaca-Blinder wage decomposition was applied. This model explains the differences in labour determinants, dividing the wage gap between two groups with different characteristics in productivity, education or work experience. The final results show that the arrival of the pandemic in Peru meant a setback in the progress of gender wage equality.