Perspectiva global de los combustibles sintéticos verdes: tecnologías, avances y desafíos en la transición energética
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18800/quimica.202501.002Palabras clave:
Metanol, Metano, Amoniaco, Gasolina, Electrólisis, Captura de CO2Resumen
Los combustibles sintéticos verdes (de fuentes renovables y bajas emisiones) se obtienen a partir de hidrógeno verde, combinado con CO2 de fuentes sostenibles o N2 del aire, utilizando energía renovable. Diversas tecnologías basadas en electrolizadores y reactores permiten la síntesis de productos tales como metano, metanol, amoniaco, e inclusive, hidrocarburos de cadenas más largas. Su principal ventaja con respecto al uso del hidrógeno verde radica en la posibilidad de aprovechar gran parte de la infraestructura existente para su almacenamiento, transporte y utilización. Dichas características posicionan los combustibles sintéticos verdes como una alternativa promisoria para la descarbonización de sectores difíciles de descarbonizar en la industria y en la economía global. Esta revisión se enfoca en la descripción de las tecnologías existentes para producir este tipo de combustibles centrándose en sus ventajas, desventajas y aplicaciones a nivel global. La comprensión del desarrollo y del auge de estas tecnologías es de gran relevancia para la creación e implementación de políticas públicas con el fin de tomar decisiones informadas en la transición energética Latinoamericana, así como para promover la incorporación e innovación en dichas tecnologías
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Derechos de autor 2025 Sebastián Orias-Rodríguez, Jerson González-Hernández, Diego González-Flores
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