Weighting Competing Considerations: Civil and Common Law Approaches to the Problem of the Link between the Parties in Unjust Enrichment Claims

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18800/derechopucp.202102.001

Keywords:

Comparative law, Unjust enrichment, Restitution, Indirect enrichment, Actio de in rem verso

Abstract

This article seeks to demonstrate that considering the French approach to the general action in unjustified enrichment may help English law to deal with the difficulties raised by indirect enrichment cases. To do so, it introduces the problem of the link between the parties in English law and compares the German and French approaches to this problem. It is suggested that the cases where the general action in unjustified enrichment has been recognized by French case law are useful to identify a set of considerations that might allow deciding indirect enrichment cases without relying on abstract notions intended to be applied in every possible scenario.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Pablo Letelier Cibié, University of Chile

    Profesor asistente de Derecho Civil de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago (Chile). Abogado, magíster en Derecho por la Universidad de Columbia (Estados Unidos) y doctor en derecho por la Universidad de Edimburgo (Reino Unido). Código ORCID: 0000-0003-4929-0814. Correo electrónico: pletelier@derecho.uchile.cl

References

Bazosabal, X. (2018). Tres modelos para una regulación actual del enriquecimiento injustificado: unitario, tipológico, fragmentado. InDret, (4), pp. 1-54.

Bénabent, A. (2018). Droit des Obligations (17ma ed.). París: LGDJ.

Birks, P. (1989). An Introduction to the Law of Restitution (edición revisada). Oxford: Clarendon.

Birks, P. (2002). “At the Expense of the Claimant”: Direct and Indirect Enrichment in English Law. En D. Johnston y R. Zimmermann (eds.), Unjustified Enrichment: Key Issues in Comparative Perspective (pp. 493-525). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Birks, P. (2005). Unjust Enrichment (2da ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Burrows, A. (2011). The Law of Restitution (3ra ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Burrows, A. (2012). A Restatement of the English Law of Unjust Enrichment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Burrows, A. (2017). “At the Expense of the Claimant”: A Fresh Look. Restitution Law Review, 25, 167-182.

Burrows, A. (2020). Unjust Enrichment and Restitution. En A. S. Gold, J. C. P. Goldberg, D. B. Kelly, E. Sherwin y H. Smith (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the New Private Law (pp. 293-308). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Chénedé, F. (2016). Le Nouveau Droit des Obligations et des Contrats. París: Dalloz.

Dannemann, G. (2013). Direct and Indirect Enrichment at the Claimant’s Expense in Three-Party Cases. En C. Mitchell y W. Swadling (eds.), The Restatement Third, Restitution and Unjust Enrichment: Critical and Comparative Essays (pp. 31-58). Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472561350.ch-002

Dawson, J. (1951). Unjust Enrichment: A Comparative Analysis. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

Dawson, J. (1969). Indirect Enrichment. En E. von Caemmerer, S. Mentschikoff y K. Zweigert (eds.), Ius Privatum Gentium: Festschrift für Max Rheinstein (vol. 2). Tubinga: JCB Mohr.

Descheemaeker, E. (2017). The New French Law of Unjustified Enrichment. Restitution Law Review, 25, 77-103.

Dickson, B. (1995). Unjust Enrichment Claims: A Comparative Overview. Cambridge Law Journal, 54(1), 100-126. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008197300083173

Edelman, J., & Bant, E. (2016). Unjust Enrichment (2da ed.). Oxford: Hart.

Evans-Jones, R. (2013). Unjustified Enrichment. Vol. 2. Enrichment Acquired in Any Other Manner. Edimburgo: W. Green/Thomson Reuters.

Filios, C. (1999). L’Enrichissement sans Cause en Droit Privé Français: Analyse Interne et Vues Comparatives. Bruselas: Bruylant.

Flour, J., Aubert, J. L., & Savaux, E. (2011). Les Obligations. Le Fait Juridique (14ta ed.). París: Sirey.

Gallo, P. (1992). Unjust Enrichment: A Comparative Analysis. American Journal of Comparative Law, 40(2), 431-466. https://doi.org/10.2307/840566

Gutteridge, H., & David, R. (1935). The Doctrine of Unjustified Enrichment. Cambridge Law Journal, 5(2), 204-229. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008197300126753

Häcker, B. (2020). Unjust Factors versus Absence of Juristic Reason (Causa). En E. Bant y S. Degeling (eds.), Research Handbook on Unjust Enrichment and Restitution (pp. 290-313). Cheltenham: Elgar.

Honoré, A. (1960). Third Party Enrichment. Acta Juridica, 236-253.

Jansen, N. (2016). Farewell to Unjustified Enrichment? Edinburgh Law Review, 20(2), 123-148. https://doi.org/10.3366/elr.2016.0339

Filios, C. (1999). L’enrichissement Sans Cause en Droit Privé Français: Analyse interne et vues comparatives. Bruselas: Bruylant.

MacFarlane, B. (2009). Unjust Enrichment and Indirect Recipients. Restitution Law Review, 17, 37-59.

Malaurie, P., Aynès, L., & Stoffel-Munck, P. (2018). Droit des Obligations (10ma ed.). París: LGDJ.

Meier, S. (1999). Mistaken Payments in Three-party Situations: A German View of English Law. Cambridge Law Journal, 58(3), 567-603.

Meier, S. (2019). Enrichment “At the Expense of Another” and Incidental Benefits in German Law. En H. Scott y A. Fagan (eds.), Private Law in a Changing World: Essays for Danie Visser (pp. 453-468). Claremont: Juta.

Mitchell, C. (2008). Liability Chains. En J. Edelman y S. Degeling (eds.), Unjust Enrichment in Commercial Law (pp. 131-145). Pyrmont: Lawbook.

Mitchell, C., Mitchell, P., & Watterson, S. (2016). Goff and Jones on the Law of Unjust Enrichment (9na ed.). Londres: Sweet & Maxwell.

Nicholas, B. (1961). Unjustified Enrichment in the Civil Law and Louisiana Law. Tulane Law Review, 36, 605-646.

Remy, P. (2013). Des Autres Sources d’Obligations. En F. Terré (dir.), Pour une Réforme du Régime Général des Obligations (pp. 31-50). París: Dalloz.

Romani, A. M. (2018). Enrichissement Injustifié. En Encyclopédie Juridique Dalloz: Répertoire de Droit Civil (§§ 1-258). París: Dalloz.

Schrage, E., & Nicholas, B. (1995). Unjust Enrichment and the Law of Restitution: A Comparison. En E. Schrage (ed.), Unjust Enrichment: The Comparative Legal History of the Law of Restitution (pp. 9-30). Berlín: Duncker & Humblot.

Smith, L. (2002). Property, Subsidiarity and Unjust Enrichment. En D. Johnston y R. Zimmermann (eds.), Unjustified Enrichment: Key Issues in Comparative Perspective (pp. 588-623). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Smith, L. (2016). Defences and the Disunity if Unjust Enrichment. En A. Dyson, J. Goudkamp y F. Wilmot-Smith (eds.), Defences in Unjust Enrichment (pp. 27-51). Oxford: Hart.

Smith, L. (2019). Restitution: A New Start? En P. Devonshire y R. Havelock (eds.), The Impact of Equity and Restitution in Commerce (pp. 87-113). Oxford: Hart.

Smits, J. (2019). Comparative Law and its Influence on National Legal Systems. En M. Reimann y R. Zimmermann (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law (2da ed., pp. 503-523). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Stevens, R. (2018). The Unjust Enrichment Disaster. Law Quarterly Review, 134, 574-601.

Terré, F., Simler, P., Lequette, Y., & Chénedé, F. (2018). Droit Civil. Les Obligations (12da ed.). París: Dalloz.

Virgo, G. (2015). The Principles of the Law of Restitution (3ra ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Visser, D. (2019). Unjustified Enrichment in Comparative Perspective. En M. Reimann y R. Zimmermann (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law (2da ed., pp. 962-993). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Watterson, S. (2011). “Direct Transfers” in the Law of Unjust Enrichment. Current Legal Problems, 64(1), 435-470. https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/cur012

Watterson, S. (2020). At the Claimant’s Expense. En E. Bant y S. Degeling (eds.), Research Handbook on Unjust Enrichment and Restitution (pp. 262-289). Cheltenham: Elgar.

Watts, P. (2016). Unjust Enrichment—The Potion that Induces Well-Meaning Sloppiness of Thought. Current Legal Problems, 69(1), 289-325. https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/cuw010

Whitty, N. (1994). Indirect Enrichment in Scots Law. Juridical Review, 200-282.

Whitty, N. (2002). Nationality, Rationality and the Taxonomy of Unjustified Enrichment. En D. Johnston y R. Zimmermann (eds.), Unjustified Enrichment: Key Issues in Comparative Perspective (pp. 658-729). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wilmot-Smith, F. (2015). Taxing Questions. Law Quarterly Review, 131, 531-536.

Zimmermann, R. (1995). Unjustified Enrichment: The Modern Civilian Approach. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 15(3), 403-429. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/15.3.403

Zimmermann, R. (1996). The Law of Obligations: Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Zimmermann, R., & Du Plessis, J. (1994). Basic Features of the German Law of Unjustified Enrichment. Restitution Law Review, 2, 14-43.

Zweigert, K., & Kötz, H. (1998). Introduction to Comparative Law (T. Weir, trad.; 3ra ed.). Oxford: Clarendon.

Jurisprudencia, normativa y otros documentos legales

Boudier vs. Patureau-Mirand. Les Grands Arrêts de la Jurisprudence Civile (Cour de Cassation [Francia], 15 de junio de 1892).

Código Civil francés (1804).

Investment Trust Companies vs. HMRC. Law Reports, Appeal Cases (Supreme Court of the United Kingdom [Reino Unido], 11 de abril de 2017).

Lipkin Gorman (a firm) vs. Karpnale Ltd. Law Reports, Appeal Cases (House of Lords [Reino Unido], 6 de junio de 1991).

McFarlane vs. Tayside Health Board (Scotland). Law Reports, Appeal Cases (House of Lords [Reino Unido], 25 de noviembre de 1999).

Menelaou vs. Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd. Law Reports, Appeal Cases (Supreme Court of the United Kingdom [Reino Unido], 4 de noviembre de 2015).

Prudential Assurance Co. Ltd. vs. HMRC. Law Reports, Appeal Cases (Supreme Court of the United Kingdom [Reino Unido], 25 de julio de 2018).

Relfo Ltd vs. Varsani (N° 2). Law Reports, Chancery Division (Court of Appeal [Inglaterra y Gales], 28 de marzo de 2014).

TFL Management Services Ltd. vs. Lloyds TSB Bank Plc. Weekly Law Reports (Court of Appeal [Inglaterra y Gales], 14 de noviembre de 2013).

Published

2021-11-25

How to Cite

Weighting Competing Considerations: Civil and Common Law Approaches to the Problem of the Link between the Parties in Unjust Enrichment Claims. (2021). Derecho PUCP, 87, 9-33. https://doi.org/10.18800/derechopucp.202102.001