Trayectorias Históricas de los Sistemas Nacionales de Investigación y Desarrollo en los Países de la OCDE
Resumen
La investigación y desarrollo (I+D) es crucial a la hora de promover la generación y adquisición de nuevos conocimientos, permitir el desarrollo de nuevos productos, procesos o servicios y mejorar los existentes. En esta línea, los países toman decisiones para incrementar y sostener su esfuerzo de innovación, centrándose en el gasto público en I+D. Este artículo busca analizar las trayectorias de los sistemas nacionales de I+D de los países de la OCDE. Para ello se realizó un análisis descriptivo y exploratorio en el período 2000-2021. Se utilizaron variables de esfuerzo innovador, como la intensidad de I+D, y la variable de producción: patentes. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 37 países de la OCDE, divididos en 5 quintiles según el desempeño de la productividad durante el período de estudio. Los resultados destacan casos de sistemas de I+D que han dado un salto significativo en productividad; pero también casos en los que una mayor intensidad de I+D no se traduce en mejoras sustanciales de la productividad. Esto confirma que la innovación es un fenómeno complejo en el que no siempre se garantiza una relación lineal positiva entre el esfuerzo innovador y el desempeño científico/tecnológico.
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