Gobernar lo sagrado
Articulaciones entre secularismo, religión y poder en Rusia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18800/anthropologica.202502.010Palabras clave:
Secularismo, Nacionalismo religioso, Russkiy Mir, Moral pública, Subjetivación políticaResumen
El artículo analiza cómo el Estado ruso, a través del nacionalismo religioso y la doctrina del Russkiy Mir, construye un proyecto político que articula soberanía, identidad y orden moral mediante la sacralización del poder estatal. Utilizando un análisis crítico del discurso de fuentes oficiales, religiosas y mediáticas, se examinan las prácticas y narrativas que producen una subjetividad patriótica basada en el miedo, la lealtad y la obediencia. Los resultados muestran que esta alianza entre el Kremlin y la Iglesia ortodoxa legitima acciones políticas, como la guerra en Ucrania, bajo una retórica espiritual que fortalece la cohesión social y consolida una comunidad moral excluyente. Se concluye que el Russkiy Mir representa una forma postsecular de modernidad que utiliza lo sagrado como tecnología de poder para ofrecer un modelo político alternativo al liberalismo secular.
Descargas
Citas
Adams, A. S. (2023). War and Peace: Orthodox Icons and Putin’s Politics of the Sacred. Slavic Review, 82(2), 447-473. https://doi.org/10.1017/slr.2023.169
Abramova, M. (2024). La reforma constitucional de 2020: ¿una nueva etapa de la modernización rusa? Revista Derecho del Estado, (58), 241-268. http://doi.org/10.18601/01229893.n58.09
Alekhin, B. I. (2024). Determinants of Abortion Behavior of the Population of Russian Regions. DEMIS. Demographic Research, 4(4), 115-138. https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2024.4.4.7
Asad, T. (2003). Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford University Press.
Amnistía Internacional. (10 de marzo de 2022). Rusia: la implacable represión del Kremlin amordaza el periodismo independiente y el movimiento contra la guerra. Amnistía Internacional. https://www.amnesty.org/es/latest/news/2022/03/russia-kremlins-ruthless-crackdown-stifles-independent-journalism-and-anti-war-movement/
Berger, P. L. (2011). The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion. Open Road Media.
Bremer, T. (22 de marzo de 2022). Ukrainian Nationhood, ‘Russkii Mir,’ and the Abuse of History. Public Orthodoxy. https://publicorthodoxy.org/2022/03/22/ukrainian-nationhood-russkii-mir/
Casanova, J. (1994). Public Religions in the Modern World. University of Chicago Press.
Castro-Gómez, S. (2010). Siglo XVIII: El nacimiento de la biopolítica. Tabula Rasa, (12), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.25058/20112742.383
Castro-Gómez, S. (2015). Historia de la gubernamentalidad II: filosofía, cristianismo y sexualidad en Michel Foucault. Siglo del Hombre Editores.
Costa, P. (2022). The Post-secular City: The New Secularization Debate. Brill.
Davies, K. M. (28 de noviembre de 2023). Russia Limits Women’s Access to Abortion, Citing Demographic Changes. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/11/28/russia-limits-womens-access-to-abortion-citing-demographic-changes
De La Peña, P. B., & Martín, I. P. (2003). Constantinopla 1453: mitos y realidades. (Vol. 19). Editorial CSIC-CSIC Press.
Fagan, G. (2021). “Believing in Russia–Religious Policy After Communism” as a Navigational Aid to Religious Affairs in Post-Communist Russia [Tesis de doctorado, Universidad de Bangor]. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/believing-in-russia-religious-policy-after-communism-as-a-navigat/
Fedor, J., Lewis, S., & Zhurzhenko, T. (2017). Introduction. En J. Fedor, M. Kangaspuro, J. Lassila & T. Zhurzhenko (Eds.), War and Memory in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (pp. 1-40). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66523-8_1
Froese, P. (2008). The Plot to Kill God: Findings from the Soviet Experiment in Secularization. University of California Press.
Gabowitsch, M., & Homanyuk, M. (2025). Monuments and Territory: War Memorials in Russian-Occupied Ukraine. CEU Press. https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/96963
Horkusha, O. (2023). Terminological Front: «Ruskiy Mir» («Russian World/Peace») in Religious and Confessional Rhetoric (The Science of Religion Perception of Existential Choice). Filosofska Dumka, (1), 26-44. https://doi.org/10.15407/fd2023.01.026
Hovorun, C. (3 de marzo de 2022). Russian World: The Heresy Driving Putin’s War. Euromaidan Press. https://euromaidanpress.com/2022/03/18/russian-world-the-heresy-driving-putins-war/
?
Hurzhy, V. (2018). The Current State of the Project “Russkyi Mir” and the Consequences of its Implementation in Ukraine. Ukrainian Religious Studies, (86), 73-84.
Kilp, A., & Pankhurst, J. G. (2025). The Mandate of the World Russian People’s Council and the Russian Political Imagination: Scripture, Politics and War. Religions, 16(4), 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040466
Kozdra, M. (2018). The Boundaries of Russian Identity Analysis of the Concept of Russkiy Mir in Contemporary Russian Online Media. Lingua Cultura, 12(1), 61-66. https://scispace.com/pdf/the-boundaries-of-russian-identity-analysis-of-the-concept-55q8m8chla.pdf
Klimenko, A. N., & Yurtaev, V. I. (2018). The “Moscow as the third Rome” Concept: Its Nature and Interpretations since the 19th to Early 21st Centuries. Geopolítica(s), 9(2), 231-251. http://doi.org/10.5209/GEOP.58910
Knott, E. (2023). Existential Nationalism: Russia’s War against Ukraine. Nations and Nationalism, 29(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12878
Kramareva, N. (2018). An Analysis of Russia’s ‘Alternative’ Soft Power Strategy and National Identity Discourse via Sports Mega-events [Tesis de doctorado, Universidad de Birmingham.
Jankowicz, M. (28 de junio de 2020). Russia’s Massive Cathedral Rumored to be Made from Melted Nazi Tanks. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/russias-massive-cathedral-rumored-made-from-nazi-tanks-pictures-2020-6
Luhmann, N. (1982). The Differentiation of Society. Columbia University Press.
Mahmood, S. (2015). Religious Difference in a Secular Age: A Minority Report. Princeton University Press.
McGlynn, J. (9 de mayo de 2025). Letting the Dead March Again. The Moscow Times. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2025/05/09/letting-the-dead-march-again-how-the-immortal-regiment-occupies-the-present-a89009
Mehrara, M. (11 de noviembre de 2024). Russia Could Pay Students who have a Child, amid Birth Rate Crisis. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/russia-will-pay-students-who-have-child-amid-birth-rate-crisis-1983899
Novikova, O. (Ed.). (2000). La tercera Roma: antología del pensamiento ruso de los siglos XI a XVI [II]. (Vol. 145). Anaya-Spain.
Orzechowski, M. (2024). Russkiy Mir (Russian World): An Exemplification of All-Russian Nationalism. The Strategy of Neo-Imperial Expansionism of the Russian Federation in Regional and Global Dimensions. Polish Political Science Yearbook, 53(3), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202426
Putin, V. (12 de julio de 2021). Article by Vladimir Putin ‘On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians’. Kremlin website. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/66181
Quesada, J. B. (10 de septiembre de 2023). El eurasianismo de Duguin. Global strategy reports, (17), 1. https://global-strategy.org/eurasianismo-duguin/
Roache, M. (3 de marzo de 2021). Russia’s Leaders Won’t Deal with a Domestic Violence Epidemic. Time. https://time.com/5942127/russia-domestic-violence-women/
«Russia Inaugurates Cathedral without Mosaics of Putin, Stalin». (14 de junio de 2020). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/world/russia-inaugurates-cathedral-without-mosaics-of-putin-stalin-idUSKBN23L0K5/
«Russia’s Birth Rate Plunges to 200-year Low». (14 de abril de 2025). The Moscow Times. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2025/04/14/russias-birth-rate-plunges-to-200-year-low-a88709
«Russia’s Controversial New Military Cathedral is Consecrated». (15 de junio de 2020). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/consecration-of-the-main-cathedral-of-russian-armed-forces/30671707.html
Saponaro, J. L. M. K. (2025). Neo-eurasianismo en el Kremlin: influencia de la teoría de Dugin en la política exterior de Rusia (2014-febrero 2022). bie3: Boletín IEEE (Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos), (37), 846-859. https://www.defensa.gob.es/documents/2073105/2077200/boletin_ieee_37.pdf/65566b7a-83c4-f072-fc43-794b19ed7b99?t=1751882527931
Smolkin, V. (2018). A Sacred Space Is Never Empty: A History of Soviet Atheism. Princeton University Press.
Sheredega, N. (2011). Holy Rus. The Visual History of a Country’s Faith. Tretyakov Gallery Magazine, (2), Article: Current Exhibitions. https://www.tretyakovgallerymagazine.com/articles/2-2011-31/holy-rus-visual-history-country-faith
Shevchenko, V. (22 de noviembre de 2023). Russian Authorities Crack Down on Abortion Access amid Demographic Crisis. BBC Monitoring. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67495969
Sukhankin, S. (9 de octubre de 2019). Foreign Mercenaries, Irregulars and ‘Volunteers’: Non-Russians in Russia’s Wars. The Jamestown Foundation. https://jamestown.org/program/foreign-mercenaries-irregulars-and-volunteers-non-russians-in-russias-wars/
Taylor, C. (2015). La era secular. Gedisa Editorial.
Walker, S. (20 de octubre de 2020). Angels and Artillery: A Cathedral to Russia’s New National Identity. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/20/orthodox-cathedral-of-the-armed-force-russian-national-identity-military-disneyland
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Gladys Angelica Vasquez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
