The Women’s Law (tou gynaikeiou nomos) in the Kallipolis of Plato’s Republic

Gabriele Cornelli; Rosane Maia

doi:10.18800/arete.2022ext.007

Gabriele Cornelli Universidade de Brasilia

Gabriele Cornelli is Associated Professor of Ancient Philosophy in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Brasilia (UnB). He was President of the International Plato Society (2013-2016) and Director of the Archai UNESCO Chair on the origins of Western Thought. He is working in Post-Graduate Programs in Metaphysics and Bioethics at UnB. He is also Editor of the Archai journal, the Atlantis journal and the Plato Journal. He is currently editing four monographs Series: Brill’s Plato Studies Series (Brill), Archai (Annablume, SP), Cátedra (Paulus, SP) and Filosofia e Tradição (UNESCO, Brazil). He is also Member of the Board of the series Temi metafisici and problemi del pensiero Antico. Studi and testi, series founded by Giovanni Reale (Ed. Vita e Pensiero, Milano - Italy). He was President of the Brazilian Society of Classical Studies (2012-13) and of the Brazilian Plato Society (2008-2010). He is also member of the Società Italiana di Storia della Filosofia Antica and a founding member of the International Association for Presocratic Studies. He is visiting professor in PHD Programs both in Philosophy and Classical Studies at University of Coimbra (Portugal) and extraodinary professor in the Department of Ancient Studies at the University of Stellenbosch (South Africa). He has been visiting scholar at the Università degli Studi di Napoli, Italy (2009), the University of Oxford, UK (2013) and he was awarded with a St. John’s College Beaufort Scholarship at the University of Cambridge, UK (2019). His research focuses mostly on presocratic and platonic literature, with a special emphasis on the Pythagorean traditions. He has been working more recently on topics related to Plato ethics, religion and literary background and published several articles on the topic in English, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian and French.
gabriele.cornelli@gmail.com
Rosane Maia Universidade de Brasilia

Rosane de Almeida Maia - PhD in Economics at University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil, with a doctoral stay at IDPM at University of Manchester, UK, and PhD student at Postgraduate Program in Metaphysics (PPGm) of University of Brasília (UnB), Brazil. Until 2014, she was a Labor Union Advisor and coordinated the Project on Reduction of Informality of Women in Textile Sector and Domestic Labor through Social Dialogue at Union Department of Statistics and Socioeconomic Studies (DIEESE).
rosanealmaia@gmail.com

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18800/arete.2022ext.007

Palabras clave: Platón, República, Naturaleza humana, Mujeres, Gynaikeíou nómos

Resumen

La Ley de la Mujer discutida en el libro V de la República, conocida como la primera ola, es un ejemplo notorio de la intención reformista de Sócrates de lograr justicia en la pólis. La legislación de la mujer, en general, históricamente ha sido relegada por los intérpretes de la República. El objeto del artículo es analizar este pasaje, del 449a al 457c, a través de los argumentos propuestos por Sócrates al considerarlos cruciales para concebir la igualdad entre los sexos (bajo el fundamento ontológico de la misma naturaleza humana) y favorecer el cambio institucional según su naturaleza, katà phýsin, dejando espacio para que las mujeres gobiernen la pólis. Antes de partir hacia el enfrentamiento externo, Sócrates considera urgente que sus interlocutores, Adimanto, Glaucón y Polemarco, estén de acuerdo entre ellos. Así, los insta a iniciar la discusión cuestionando la naturaleza humana de la mujer y su capacidad para las mismas funciones (érga) que desempeñan los hombres en la ciudad. El examen de lo inteligible permitió que el lógos sobre la capacidad intelectual de las mujeres respaldara una legislación adecuada. Este nómos puesto en práctica demuestra ser lo mejor para la ciudad y sus guardianes. En esa medida, Sócrates puede concluir dicha investigación con un consenso sobre qué hacer y la voluntad de confrontar urgentemente las opiniones opuestas en la ciudad.

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