Cumplimiento de las normas ambientales de los establecimientos con IED en la industria automotriz y de autopartes en México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18800/kawsaypacha.202502.A010Palabras clave:
Normas de carácter ambiental, Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED), Fabricación de equipo de transporte, Hipótesis halo, MéxicoResumen
El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en analizar el grado de cumplimiento de las normas de carácter ambiental en México por los establecimientos del subsector de fabricación de equipo de transporte (automotriz y autopartes) que en su capital social tienen participación de Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED). Para probar esta relación, se empleó un modelo logit, donde la variable dependiente fue 1 si la unidad productiva de este subsector cumplió con alguna norma en materia de medioambiente, y 0 en caso contrario; la variable explicativa central fueron las unidades económicas de la industria automotriz y de autopartes con IED; además, se agregaron otras variables independientes de control. Los hallazgos muestran que las unidades económicas de esta industria con IED tienen mayores probabilidades de cumplir con alguna norma ambiental. Asimismo, los establecimientos del subsector que son grandes empresas, conformados en grupos empresariales y ubicados en la región Centro Occidente, presentan una probabilidad mayor de aplicar la normatividad ambiental. También, las unidades económicas de esta industria que llevan a cabo otras prácticas de mejora y cuidado del medioambiente tienen mayores probabilidades de ejecutar normas ambientales. El resultado principal del estudio se aproxima a la hipótesis halo, pues se comprueba un efecto positivo y significativo en el cumplimiento de las normas de carácter ambiental por parte de los establecimientos de fabricación de equipo de transporte con participación de IED.
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