Inteligencia artificial en las finanzas: una revisión bibliográfica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18800/360gestion.202510.009Palabras clave:
Inteligencia artificial, IA, Aprendizaje automático, Comercio algorítmico, Detección de fraudes, FinTech, Tecnología financieraResumen
En todos los departamentos de la industria financiera—desde la toma de decisiones hasta la gestión de riesgos, la detección de fraudes y el servicio al cliente—la inteligencia artificial (IA) está provocando grandes transformaciones. Este artículo revisa la aplicación de la IA en las finanzas y se basa en más de 40 artículos indexados en Scopus, de los cuales se derivan nuevas perspectivas. Con la ayuda de algoritmos avanzados de aprendizaje automático y aprendizaje profundo, los bancos están logrando niveles de eficiencia y servicio personalizado sin precedentes. La investigación examina las principales aplicaciones de la IA, destacando su posible papel en la toma de decisiones estratégicas y la evaluación de riesgos. Sin embargo, también analiza críticamente los principales desafíos, como los problemas de privacidad de los datos, la dificultad de explicar los modelos ante el escrutinio humano (teóricamente imposible) y las consideraciones éticas relacionadas con la implementación de la IA. La evolución de las tecnologías de IA no solo crea oportunidades disruptivas, sino también complejas cuestiones regulatorias para los servicios financieros. Al recopilar los aportes de la investigación actual, esta revisión ofrece una descripción completa de cómo la IA está remodelando el campo de las finanzas y señala direcciones para el futuro.
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