Una revisión sistemática sobre el impacto del COVID-19 en áreas protegidas
Resumen
Esta investigación contribuye a la comprensión de los impactos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en áreas protegidas (PAs), terrestres y marinas. Por un lado, analizamos sus efectos sobre las dimensiones ecológicas, sociales y administrativas de las PAs. Comprender los impactos de la pandemia sobre las PAs es importante debido a que estos espacios son estratégicos para las políticas internacionales de conservación de la biodiversidad y el desarrollo sostenible. Para abordar esta problemática, realizamos una reseña sistemática de la literatura sobre los impactos de la pandemia en los espacios de conservación. Utilizamos las pautas de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) que es una guía que establece criterios para realizar revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura de un tópico de interés. A partir de ella, revisamos cinco bases de datos y lleva a cabo a una búsqueda complementaria en Google Scholar. Tras identificar, examinar y seleccionar, incluimos 14 artículos, publicados entre febrero 2020 y mayo 2021. Por último, llevamos a cabo un análisis cualitativo de los artículos seleccionados, estudiando los cambios a corto plazo, los efectos positivos y negativos, así como los retos y oportunidades que emergieron. En las discusiones, explicamos que las áreas protegidas adquirieron relevancia social durante la pandemia al mismo tiempo que se incrementó la vulnerabilidad de ciertos actores y medios de financiación de los parques. Además, los espacios tuvieron problemáticas sociales distintivos en países desarrollados y en desarrollo. En suma, la sustentabilidad de las PAs se vio comprometida. Concluimos que la pandemia nos hizo ver todo a través de las lentes de la salud, y las áreas protegidas no fueron la excepción.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Carla Molteni
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0.
