Los efectos de la pandemia del COVID-19 en las áreas protegidas españolas: el caso del parque nacional Picos de Europa
Resumen
Las áreas protegidas son sistemas socioecológicos complejos y se vieron inevitablemente afectadas por la pandemia de COVID-19. España es uno de los países más diversos en biodiversidad de Europa y el tercer destino turístico mundial. Comprender los efectos de la pandemia en las áreas protegidas españolas es muy importante para discutir nuevas posibilidades sobre cómo impulsar el desarrollo sostenible en estos espacios conservados y cómo gestionarlos bajo impactos externos y escenarios inciertos. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es conocer mejor los efectos y oportunidades de la pandemia en los espacios protegidos españoles. Para abordar esta preocupación, se lleva a cabo un análisis cualitativo basado en una evaluación de literatura secundaria y entrevistas oportunistas. El parque nacional de los Picos de Europa es el caso de estudio analizado debido a sus características únicas. Este estudio muestra los inconvenientes de la pandemia en Picos de Europa en términos de operación de gestión, fluctuación drástica de visitantes, pérdida de ingresos por turismo, vulnerabilidad de las comunidades vecinas, pérdida de oportunidades en conservación y educación y presión sobre la naturaleza. Por otro lado, presenta las oportunidades en términos de tecnología, innovación, ampliación de fondos, lecciones aprendidas, aumento de actividades educativas y de conservación y mayor conciencia sobre el medio ambiente y el entorno rural. Este estudio sugiere que es difícil encontrar una solución beneficiosa para todos que incluya los objetivos de conservación de la naturaleza, viabilidad de las economías locales y actividades turísticas en Picos de Europa. Se sugieren ideas para las opciones de gestión sobre cómo abordar los resultados negativos de la pandemia.
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