La urbanización y la verticalidad de los vínculos rurales-urbanos en las montañas
Resumen
Las montañas son vistas por lo general como el opuesto rural o incluso «silvestre» de los espacios urbanos. Pero, ¿se puede seguir justificando esta visión en tiempos de la «urbanización planetaria»? ¿Qué es realmente «silvestre», «rural» y «urbano», y en qué se diferencian estas categorías en términos estructurales y funcionales? ¿Existen características urbanas en las montañas? Partiendo de los conceptos de la urbanización planetaria y la verticalidad e incluyendo ejemplos del Norte y del Sur Global, el presente capítulo presenta un tema central de la montología urbana (o la investigación transdiciplinaria de las áreas urbanas de montaña orientada a la sostenibilidad) como es el de los vínculos campo-ciudad entre las diferentes zonas altitudinales. Los vínculos ecosistémicos, infraestructurales, demográficos, económicos y socioculturales en las montañas presentan numerosas especificidades debido al relieve y la altitud del entorno de urbanización. Así mismo, los «flujos» de servicios ecosistémicos en las montañas, los teleféricos que conectan valles y cumbres, la movilidad espacial vertical de las personas, así como el uso deliberado de entornos de montaña e identidades para crear una marca en las ciudades de montaña con el fin de atraer a inversores y visitantes: son sólo algunos ejemplos que subrayan el creciente entrelazamiento de los antiguos contrastes de las ciudades «urbanas» y las montañas «rurales» (o «silvestre»). En este sentido, todo lo anterior mencionado debe tenerse en cuenta en el estudio científico y el desarrollo sostenible de la urbanización de los espacios de montaña para crear lugares habitables para los seres humanos y no humanos.
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