Impulsores y barreras en biotecnologías que incorporan fauna salvaje a la transición agroalimentaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18800/kawsaypacha.202502.A004Palabras clave:
Transiciones sostenibles, Sistema agroalimentario, Perspectiva multinivel, Fauna salvaje, MurciélagosResumen
La emergencia civilizatoria por transitar hacia un sistema agroalimentario sostenible se encuentra promoviendo el desarrollo de métodos y tecnologías agrícolas que permitan sustituir los insumos energéticos externos de origen químico. En esta investigación, se identifican los principales impulsores y barreras percibidas por los grupos de interés entrevistados para este estudio sobre el BATsignal, un paquete biotecnológico que incorpora los servicios ecosistémicos de murciélagos a la operatividad del sistema agroalimentario. Se emplea el enfoque teórico de las transiciones sociotécnicas a la sostenibilidad, a través de la perspectiva multinivel, para abordar la complejidad de esta innovación agrícola radical. El diseño de la investigación es un estudio de caso cualitativo, con una muestra de 75 participantes cuyas percepciones y experiencias fueron recopiladas en entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales. Los resultados revelaron que la mayoría de los grupos de interés (propietarios, trabajadores, profesionales y científicos en asuntos agrícolas, así como miembros de la sociedad civil) aceptan la incorporación del BATsignal a la producción de cultivos, en base a los múltiples beneficios socioculturales, económicos, ambientales y sanitarios que los entrevistados perciben que tendría la sustitución de ciertos insumos agroquímicos por los servicios ecosistémicos de los quirópteros. Sin embargo, la asociación mediática global de los mamíferos voladores con el brote inicial de la pandemia por coronavirus (COVID-19), dificultaría el avance del BATsignal desde el paisaje sociotécnico. Finalmente, consideramos que las innovaciones sostenibles que capitalicen la actividad biológica de animales clasificados como salvajes, tienen oportunidades en la transición agroalimentaria, siempre que consigan desarraigarse de las prácticas y expectativas agroindustriales del régimen sociotécnico dominante.
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