Movimiento propulsado por reacciones químicas y mediante luz en partículas Janus y coloides activos

Katherinne I. Requejo; Cristhian Cañari-Chumpitaz

doi:10.18800/quimica.202401.002

Katherinne I. Requejo University of California, Berkeley

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
Cristhian Cañari-Chumpitaz University of California, Berkeley (present: Stanford University, Stanford)

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States (actualmente en Stanford University, Stanford, California 94025, United States)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18800/quimica.202401.002

Palabras clave: coloides activos;, partículas Janus, autopropulsión, comportamiento colectivo, biomedicina, remediación ambiental

Resumen

A diferencia de los materiales inertes en equilibrio, la materia activa como los organismos biológicos se encuentran fuera del equilibrio generando movimiento y ensamblajes a partir de interacciones moleculares y reacciones químicas en la nano- y microescala. Anteriormente, estas propiedades se consideraban exclusivas de organismos vivos; sin embargo, los avances en la ciencia de coloides han permitido generar análogos sintéticos conocidos como coloides activos que emulan dichas propiedades. En este artículo, se realiza primero una introducción a los coloides activos y a las partículas Janus, los ejemplos más resaltantes de esta área emergente. Se presentan brevemente los métodos de síntesis de coloides activos y los principales mecanismos de propulsión a nivel de coloide individual. Se describe también cómo dichas partículas pueden generar un comportamiento colectivo y ensamblarse en condiciones de no equilibrio. Finalmente, se detallan las características más importantes de estos coloides activos para su aplicación en las áreas de biomedicina y remediación ambiental.

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