Alternativas para mitigar el impacto en el uso de glifosato, herbicida altamente tóxico empleado en la agricultura en México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18800/quimica.202502.001Palabras clave:
Agricultura, Herbicida, GlifosatoResumen
La agricultura es una de las actividades más importantes en el mundo, responsable de la provisión de insumos y alimentos. La demanda de alimentos se ha incrementado en los últimos años y con ella, la implementación de sustancias químicas que mejoren la productividad en los cultivos. Entre los principales productos usados en este tipo de industria están los plaguicidas (que incluyen a los insecticidas, fungicidas y herbicidas) y los fertilizantes sintéticos. En las últimas décadas, el uso de todos estos compuestos ha aumentado de forma preocupante y, en ocasiones, desmedida, generando que especies nocivas como bacterias, hongos y malezas que afectan a los cultivos importantes se vuelvan más resistentes y requieran mayor concentración o compuestos más tóxicos. Otra preocupación es la exposición colateral que tenemos los humanos a estos compuestos, lo que ocasiona graves problemas de salud. Existen múltiples reportes acerca de los efectos tóxicos y carcinogénicos que tienen dichos compuestos, como se documenta en este trabajo, particularmente centrado en el uso del glifosato, un herbicida altamente tóxico, usado en México y en el mundo. Finalmente, se ofrecen alternativas para la eliminación de este compuesto, basadas en técnicas que van desde la biorremediación hasta el uso de tecnologías de punta, como el uso de nanomateriales, incluso para su monitoreo ambiental.
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