Edición genómica con CRISPR/Cas9: Premio Nobel de Química 2020
Resumen
La Real Academia Sueca de Ciencias otorgó el Premio Nobel de Química 2020 a dos científicas, la Dra. Emmanuelle Charpentier de la Unidad Max Planck para la Ciencia de los Patógenos (Berlín, Alemania), y la Dra. Jennifer A. Doudna de la Universidad de California (Berkeley, Estados Unidos), por el desarrollo de un método para la edición del genoma, una de las herramientas más resonantes de la última década: las tijeras genéticas CRISPR/Cas9. Actualmente, los científicos pueden modificar el ADN de animales, plantas y microorganismos con una precisión extremadamente alta. La nueva tecnología CRISPR/Cas9 también tiene un impacto revolucionario en la medicina humana, y contribuye a generar nuevas terapias contra el cáncer e, incluso, a curar enfermedades hereditarias. Los objetivos del presente trabajo son mencionar los antecedentes, la importancia del descubrimiento de la edición genómica con CRISPR/Cas9, el mecanismo molecular y las aplicaciones actuales de esta valiosa herramienta biotecnológica en humanos, animales, plantas y microorganismos.
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