100 años de la ciencia macromolecular: orígenes y perspectivas de futuro

Jorge Ayarza

Jorge Ayarza The University of Chicago, Estados Unidos de América

Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Estados Unidos de América

Palabras clave: ciencia macromolecular, polímeros, plásticos, ingeniería de materiales, materiales poliméricos avanzados

Resumen

En el año 2020 se conmemoró el centenario de la aparición de la ciencia macromolecular o ciencia de los polímeros. La investigación pionera del químico alemán Herman Staudinger en 1920, el cual acuñó el término ‘polímero’, inició esta nueva área de la química. Durante décadas se han desarrollado una inmensa variedad de materiales poliméricos y plásticos con diversas aplicaciones en investigación académica, industria, transporte, salud, y tecnología electrónica. Actualmente, esta ciencia todavía enfrenta muchos retos tanto al nivel de ciencia fundamental como a su ingeniería y aplicaciones tecnológicas. En este artículo se resumen brevemente los hechos históricos trascendentales en el desarrollo de la ciencia macromolecular, y se discuten perspectivas de los retos actuales y del futuro.

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