Anti-IACHR legislative initiatives as a threat to access to supranational justice for Peruvian indigenous peoples

Abstract

This article analyzes legislative initiatives promoted in the Peruvian Congress between 2022 and 2025 that seek to obstruct access to supranational jurisdiction as provided for in article 205 of Peru’s Political Constitution, with particular attention to their consequences for indigenous peoples. Two differentiated strategies are identified: a first phase of direct institutional rupture, evidenced in five bills aimed at denouncing the American Convention on Human Rights; and a second phase of indirect institutional obstruction, represented by Law 32301, which reforms the Law creating the Peruvian Agency for International Cooperation and introduces sanctions against the use of international cooperation for legal representation before international instances.
The analysis demonstrates that these initiatives constitute a systematic threat to access to international human rights protection mechanisms, affecting indigenous peoples in a particularly severe manner, as they face structural barriers that limit their direct access to these instances. Based on Inter-American jurisprudence and internal constitutional limits, it is argued that these measures contradict both the international obligations assumed by the Peruvian State and the principles of conventionality control. The research concludes that, although methodologically distinct, both strategies converge in emptying the constitutional right to resort to supranational jurisdiction of its content, particularly affecting those who find in the Inter-American System an indispensable mechanism for the protection of their collective rights.